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"""Tests for ctypes.Structure Features common with Union should go in test_structunion.py instead. """ from platform import architecture as _architecture import struct import sys import unittest from ctypes import (CDLL, Structure, Union, POINTER, sizeof, byref, c_void_p, c_char, c_wchar, c_byte, c_ubyte, c_uint8, c_uint16, c_uint32, c_int, c_uint, c_long, c_ulong, c_longlong, c_float, c_double) from ctypes.util import find_library from collections import namedtuple from test import support from test.support import import_helper from ._support import StructCheckMixin _ctypes_test = import_helper.import_module("_ctypes_test") class StructureTestCase(unittest.TestCase, StructCheckMixin): def test_packed(self): class X(Structure): _fields_ = [("a", c_byte), ("b", c_longlong)] _pack_ = 1 _layout_ = 'ms' self.check_struct(X) self.assertEqual(sizeof(X), 9) self.assertEqual(X.b.offset, 1) class X(Structure): _fields_ = [("a", c_byte), ("b", c_longlong)] _pack_ = 2 _layout_ = 'ms' self.check_struct(X) self.assertEqual(sizeof(X), 10) self.assertEqual(X.b.offset, 2) longlong_size = struct.calcsize("q") longlong_align = struct.calcsize("bq") - longlong_size class X(Structure): _fields_ = [("a", c_byte), ("b", c_longlong)] _pack_ = 4 _layout_ = 'ms' self.check_struct(X) self.assertEqual(sizeof(X), min(4, longlong_align) + longlong_size) self.assertEqual(X.b.offset, min(4, longlong_align)) class X(Structure): _fields_ = [("a", c_byte), ("b", c_longlong)] _pack_ = 8 _layout_ = 'ms' self.check_struct(X) self.assertEqual(sizeof(X), min(8, longlong_align) + longlong_size) self.assertEqual(X.b.offset, min(8, longlong_align)) with self.assertRaises(ValueError): class X(Structure): _fields_ = [("a", "b"), ("b", "q")] _pack_ = -1 _layout_ = "ms" @support.cpython_only def test_packed_c_limits(self): # Issue 15989 import _testcapi with self.assertRaises(ValueError): class X(Structure): _fields_ = [("a", c_byte)] _pack_ = _testcapi.INT_MAX + 1 _layout_ = "ms" with self.assertRaises(ValueError): class X(Structure): _fields_ = [("a", c_byte)] _pack_ = _testcapi.UINT_MAX + 2 _layout_ = "ms" def test_initializers(self): class Person(Structure): _fields_ = [("name", c_char*6), ("age", c_int)] self.assertRaises(TypeError, Person, 42) self.assertRaises(ValueError, Person, b"asldkjaslkdjaslkdj") self.assertRaises(TypeError, Person, "Name", "HI") # short enough self.assertEqual(Person(b"12345", 5).name, b"12345") # exact fit self.assertEqual(Person(b"123456", 5).name, b"123456") # too long self.assertRaises(ValueError, Person, b"1234567", 5) def test_conflicting_initializers(self): class POINT(Structure): _fields_ = [("phi", c_float), ("rho", c_float)] self.check_struct(POINT) # conflicting positional and keyword args self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "phi", POINT, 2, 3, phi=4) self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "rho", POINT, 2, 3, rho=4) # too many initializers self.assertRaises(TypeError, POINT, 2, 3, 4) def test_keyword_initializers(self): class POINT(Structure): _fields_ = [("x", c_int), ("y", c_int)] self.check_struct(POINT) pt = POINT(1, 2) self.assertEqual((pt.x, pt.y), (1, 2)) pt = POINT(y=2, x=1) self.assertEqual((pt.x, pt.y), (1, 2)) def test_nested_initializers(self): # test initializing nested structures class Phone(Structure): _fields_ = [("areacode", c_char*6), ("number", c_char*12)] self.check_struct(Phone) class Person(Structure): _fields_ = [("name", c_char * 12), ("phone", Phone), ("age", c_int)] self.check_struct(Person) p = Person(b"Someone", (b"1234", b"5678"), 5) self.assertEqual(p.name, b"Someone") self.assertEqual(p.phone.areacode, b"1234") self.assertEqual(p.phone.number, b"5678") self.assertEqual(p.age, 5) def test_structures_with_wchar(self): class PersonW(Structure): _fields_ = [("name", c_wchar * 12), ("age", c_int)] self.check_struct(PersonW) p = PersonW("Someone \xe9") self.assertEqual(p.name, "Someone \xe9") self.assertEqual(PersonW("1234567890").name, "1234567890") self.assertEqual(PersonW("12345678901").name, "12345678901") # exact fit self.assertEqual(PersonW("123456789012").name, "123456789012") #too long self.assertRaises(ValueError, PersonW, "1234567890123") def test_init_errors(self): class Phone(Structure): _fields_ = [("areacode", c_char*6), ("number", c_char*12)] self.check_struct(Phone) class Person(Structure): _fields_ = [("name", c_char * 12), ("phone", Phone), ("age", c_int)] self.check_struct(Person) cls, msg = self.get_except(Person, b"Someone", (1, 2)) self.assertEqual(cls, RuntimeError) self.assertEqual(msg, "(Phone) TypeError: " "expected bytes, int found") cls, msg = self.get_except(Person, b"Someone", (b"a", b"b", b"c")) self.assertEqual(cls, RuntimeError) self.assertEqual(msg, "(Phone) TypeError: too many initializers") def get_except(self, func, *args): try: func(*args) except Exception as detail: return detail.__class__, str(detail) def test_positional_args(self): # see also http://bugs.python.org/issue5042 class W(Structure): _fields_ = [("a", c_int), ("b", c_int)] self.check_struct(W) class X(W): _fields_ = [("c", c_int)] self.check_struct(X) class Y(X): pass self.check_struct(Y) class Z(Y): _fields_ = [("d", c_int), ("e", c_int), ("f", c_int)] self.check_struct(Z) z = Z(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) self.assertEqual((z.a, z.b, z.c, z.d, z.e, z.f), (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)) z = Z(1) self.assertEqual((z.a, z.b, z.c, z.d, z.e, z.f), (1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)) self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: Z(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7)) def test_pass_by_value(self): # This should mirror the Test structure # in Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes_test.c class Test(Structure): _fields_ = [ ('first', c_ulong), ('second', c_ulong), ('third', c_ulong), ] self.check_struct(Test) s = Test() s.first = 0xdeadbeef s.second = 0xcafebabe s.third = 0x0bad1dea dll = CDLL(_ctypes_test.__file__) func = dll._testfunc_large_struct_update_value func.argtypes = (Test,) func.restype = None func(s) self.assertEqual(s.first, 0xdeadbeef) self.assertEqual(s.second, 0xcafebabe) self.assertEqual(s.third, 0x0bad1dea) def test_pass_by_value_finalizer(self): # bpo-37140: Similar to test_pass_by_value(), but the Python structure # has a finalizer (__del__() method): the finalizer must only be called # once. finalizer_calls = [] class Test(Structure): _fields_ = [ ('first', c_ulong), ('second', c_ulong), ('third', c_ulong), ] def __del__(self): finalizer_calls.append("called") self.check_struct(Test) s = Test(1, 2, 3) # Test the StructUnionType_paramfunc() code path which copies the # structure: if the structure is larger than sizeof(void*). self.assertGreater(sizeof(s), sizeof(c_void_p)) dll = CDLL(_ctypes_test.__file__) func = dll._testfunc_large_struct_update_value func.argtypes = (Test,) func.restype = None func(s) # bpo-37140: Passing the structure by reference must not call # its finalizer! self.assertEqual(finalizer_calls, []) self.assertEqual(s.first, 1) self.assertEqual(s.second, 2) self.assertEqual(s.third, 3) # The finalizer must be called exactly once s = None support.gc_collect() self.assertEqual(finalizer_calls, ["called"]) def test_pass_by_value_in_register(self): class X(Structure): _fields_ = [ ('first', c_uint), ('second', c_uint) ] self.check_struct(X) s = X() s.first = 0xdeadbeef s.second = 0xcafebabe dll = CDLL(_ctypes_test.__file__) func = dll._testfunc_reg_struct_update_value func.argtypes = (X,) func.restype = None func(s) self.assertEqual(s.first, 0xdeadbeef) self.assertEqual(s.second, 0xcafebabe) dll.get_last_tfrsuv_arg.argtypes = () dll.get_last_tfrsuv_arg.restype = X got = dll.get_last_tfrsuv_arg() self.assertEqual(s.first, got.first) self.assertEqual(s.second, got.second) def _test_issue18060(self, Vector): # Regression tests for gh-62260 # The call to atan2() should succeed if the # class fields were correctly cloned in the # subclasses. Otherwise, it will segfault. if sys.platform == 'win32': libm = CDLL(find_library('msvcrt.dll')) else: libm = CDLL(find_library('m')) libm.atan2.argtypes = [Vector] libm.atan2.restype = c_double arg = Vector(y=0.0, x=-1.0) self.assertAlmostEqual(libm.atan2(arg), 3.141592653589793) @unittest.skipIf(_architecture() == ('64bit', 'WindowsPE'), "can't test Windows x64 build") @unittest.skipUnless(sys.byteorder == 'little', "can't test on this platform") def test_issue18060_a(self): # This test case calls # PyCStructUnionType_update_stginfo() for each # _fields_ assignment, and PyCStgInfo_clone() # for the Mid and Vector class definitions. class Base(Structure): _fields_ = [('y', c_double), ('x', c_double)] class Mid(Base): pass Mid._fields_ = [] class Vector(Mid): pass self._test_issue18060(Vector) @unittest.skipIf(_architecture() == ('64bit', 'WindowsPE'), "can't test Windows x64 build") @unittest.skipUnless(sys.byteorder == 'little', "can't test on this platform") def test_issue18060_b(self): # This test case calls # PyCStructUnionType_update_stginfo() for each # _fields_ assignment. class Base(Structure): _fields_ = [('y', c_double), ('x', c_double)] class Mid(Base): _fields_ = [] class Vector(Mid): _fields_ = [] self._test_issue18060(Vector) @unittest.skipIf(_architecture() == ('64bit', 'WindowsPE'), "can't test Windows x64 build") @unittest.skipUnless(sys.byteorder == 'little', "can't test on this platform") def test_issue18060_c(self): # This test case calls # PyCStructUnionType_update_stginfo() for each # _fields_ assignment. class Base(Structure): _fields_ = [('y', c_double)] class Mid(Base): _fields_ = [] class Vector(Mid): _fields_ = [('x', c_double)] self._test_issue18060(Vector) def test_array_in_struct(self): # See bpo-22273 # Load the shared library dll = CDLL(_ctypes_test.__file__) # These should mirror the structures in Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes_test.c class Test2(Structure): _fields_ = [ ('data', c_ubyte * 16), ] self.check_struct(Test2) class Test3AParent(Structure): _fields_ = [ ('data', c_float * 2), ] self.check_struct(Test3AParent) class Test3A(Test3AParent): _fields_ = [ ('more_data', c_float * 2), ] self.check_struct(Test3A) class Test3B(Structure): _fields_ = [ ('data', c_double * 2), ] self.check_struct(Test3B) class Test3C(Structure): _fields_ = [ ("data", c_double * 4) ] self.check_struct(Test3C) class Test3D(Structure): _fields_ = [ ("data", c_double * 8) ] self.check_struct(Test3D) class Test3E(Structure): _fields_ = [ ("data", c_double * 9) ] self.check_struct(Test3E) # Tests for struct Test2 s = Test2() expected = 0 for i in range(16): s.data[i] = i expected += i func = dll._testfunc_array_in_struct2 func.restype = c_int func.argtypes = (Test2,) result = func(s) self.assertEqual(result, expected) # check the passed-in struct hasn't changed for i in range(16): self.assertEqual(s.data[i], i) # Tests for struct Test3A s = Test3A() s.data[0] = 3.14159 s.data[1] = 2.71828 s.more_data[0] = -3.0 s.more_data[1] = -2.0 expected = 3.14159 + 2.71828 - 3.0 - 2.0 func = dll._testfunc_array_in_struct3A func.restype = c_double func.argtypes = (Test3A,) result = func(s) self.assertAlmostEqual(result, expected, places=6) # check the passed-in struct hasn't changed self.assertAlmostEqual(s.data[0], 3.14159, places=6) self.assertAlmostEqual(s.data[1], 2.71828, places=6) self.assertAlmostEqual(s.more_data[0], -3.0, places=6) self.assertAlmostEqual(s.more_data[1], -2.0, places=6) # Test3B, Test3C, Test3D, Test3E have the same logic with different # sizes hence putting them in a loop. StructCtype = namedtuple( "StructCtype", ["cls", "cfunc1", "cfunc2", "items"] ) structs_to_test = [ StructCtype( Test3B, dll._testfunc_array_in_struct3B, dll._testfunc_array_in_struct3B_set_defaults, 2), StructCtype( Test3C, dll._testfunc_array_in_struct3C, dll._testfunc_array_in_struct3C_set_defaults, 4), StructCtype( Test3D, dll._testfunc_array_in_struct3D, dll._testfunc_array_in_struct3D_set_defaults, 8), StructCtype( Test3E, dll._testfunc_array_in_struct3E, dll._testfunc_array_in_struct3E_set_defaults, 9), ] for sut in structs_to_test: s = sut.cls() # Test for cfunc1 expected = 0 for i in range(sut.items): float_i = float(i) s.data[i] = float_i expected += float_i func = sut.cfunc1 func.restype = c_double func.argtypes = (sut.cls,) result = func(s) self.assertEqual(result, expected) # check the passed-in struct hasn't changed for i in range(sut.items): self.assertEqual(s.data[i], float(i)) # Test for cfunc2 func = sut.cfunc2 func.restype = sut.cls result = func() # check if the default values have been set correctly for i in range(sut.items): self.assertEqual(result.data[i], float(i+1)) def test_38368(self): # Regression test for gh-82549 class U(Union): _fields_ = [ ('f1', c_uint8 * 16), ('f2', c_uint16 * 8), ('f3', c_uint32 * 4), ] self.check_union(U) u = U() u.f3[0] = 0x01234567 u.f3[1] = 0x89ABCDEF u.f3[2] = 0x76543210 u.f3[3] = 0xFEDCBA98 f1 = [u.f1[i] for i in range(16)] f2 = [u.f2[i] for i in range(8)] if sys.byteorder == 'little': self.assertEqual(f1, [0x67, 0x45, 0x23, 0x01, 0xef, 0xcd, 0xab, 0x89, 0x10, 0x32, 0x54, 0x76, 0x98, 0xba, 0xdc, 0xfe]) self.assertEqual(f2, [0x4567, 0x0123, 0xcdef, 0x89ab, 0x3210, 0x7654, 0xba98, 0xfedc]) @unittest.skipIf(True, 'Test disabled for now - see gh-60779/gh-60780') def test_union_by_value(self): # See gh-60779 # These should mirror the structures in Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes_test.c class Nested1(Structure): _fields_ = [ ('an_int', c_int), ('another_int', c_int), ] self.check_struct(Nested1) class Test4(Union): _fields_ = [ ('a_long', c_long), ('a_struct', Nested1), ] self.check_struct(Test4) class Nested2(Structure): _fields_ = [ ('an_int', c_int), ('a_union', Test4), ] self.check_struct(Nested2) class Test5(Structure): _fields_ = [ ('an_int', c_int), ('nested', Nested2), ('another_int', c_int), ] self.check_struct(Test5) test4 = Test4() dll = CDLL(_ctypes_test.__file__) with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as ctx: func = dll._testfunc_union_by_value1 func.restype = c_long func.argtypes = (Test4,) result = func(test4) self.assertEqual(ctx.exception.args[0], 'item 1 in _argtypes_ passes ' 'a union by value, which is unsupported.') test5 = Test5() with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as ctx: func = dll._testfunc_union_by_value2 func.restype = c_long func.argtypes = (Test5,) result = func(test5) self.assertEqual(ctx.exception.args[0], 'item 1 in _argtypes_ passes ' 'a union by value, which is unsupported.') # passing by reference should be OK test4.a_long = 12345; func = dll._testfunc_union_by_reference1 func.restype = c_long func.argtypes = (POINTER(Test4),) result = func(byref(test4)) self.assertEqual(result, 12345) self.assertEqual(test4.a_long, 0) self.assertEqual(test4.a_struct.an_int, 0) self.assertEqual(test4.a_struct.another_int, 0) test4.a_struct.an_int = 0x12340000 test4.a_struct.another_int = 0x5678 func = dll._testfunc_union_by_reference2 func.restype = c_long func.argtypes = (POINTER(Test4),) result = func(byref(test4)) self.assertEqual(result, 0x12345678) self.assertEqual(test4.a_long, 0) self.assertEqual(test4.a_struct.an_int, 0) self.assertEqual(test4.a_struct.another_int, 0) test5.an_int = 0x12000000 test5.nested.an_int = 0x345600 test5.another_int = 0x78 func = dll._testfunc_union_by_reference3 func.restype = c_long func.argtypes = (POINTER(Test5),) result = func(byref(test5)) self.assertEqual(result, 0x12345678) self.assertEqual(test5.an_int, 0) self.assertEqual(test5.nested.an_int, 0) self.assertEqual(test5.another_int, 0) @unittest.skipIf(True, 'Test disabled for now - see gh-60779/gh-60780') def test_bitfield_by_value(self): # See gh-60780 # These should mirror the structures in Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes_test.c class Test6(Structure): _fields_ = [ ('A', c_int, 1), ('B', c_int, 2), ('C', c_int, 3), ('D', c_int, 2), ] self.check_struct(Test6) test6 = Test6() # As these are signed int fields, all are logically -1 due to sign # extension. test6.A = 1 test6.B = 3 test6.C = 7 test6.D = 3 dll = CDLL(_ctypes_test.__file__) with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as ctx: func = dll._testfunc_bitfield_by_value1 func.restype = c_long func.argtypes = (Test6,) result = func(test6) self.assertEqual(ctx.exception.args[0], 'item 1 in _argtypes_ passes ' 'a struct/union with a bitfield by value, which is ' 'unsupported.') # passing by reference should be OK func = dll._testfunc_bitfield_by_reference1 func.restype = c_long func.argtypes = (POINTER(Test6),) result = func(byref(test6)) self.assertEqual(result, -4) self.assertEqual(test6.A, 0) self.assertEqual(test6.B, 0) self.assertEqual(test6.C, 0) self.assertEqual(test6.D, 0) class Test7(Structure): _fields_ = [ ('A', c_uint, 1), ('B', c_uint, 2), ('C', c_uint, 3), ('D', c_uint, 2), ] self.check_struct(Test7) test7 = Test7() test7.A = 1 test7.B = 3 test7.C = 7 test7.D = 3 func = dll._testfunc_bitfield_by_reference2 func.restype = c_long func.argtypes = (POINTER(Test7),) result = func(byref(test7)) self.assertEqual(result, 14) self.assertEqual(test7.A, 0) self.assertEqual(test7.B, 0) self.assertEqual(test7.C, 0) self.assertEqual(test7.D, 0) # for a union with bitfields, the union check happens first class Test8(Union): _fields_ = [ ('A', c_int, 1), ('B', c_int, 2), ('C', c_int, 3), ('D', c_int, 2), ] self.check_union(Test8) test8 = Test8() with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as ctx: func = dll._testfunc_bitfield_by_value2 func.restype = c_long func.argtypes = (Test8,) result = func(test8) self.assertEqual(ctx.exception.args[0], 'item 1 in _argtypes_ passes ' 'a union by value, which is unsupported.') def test_do_not_share_pointer_type_cache_via_stginfo_clone(self): # This test case calls PyCStgInfo_clone() # for the Mid and Vector class definitions # and checks that pointer_type cache not shared # between subclasses. class Base(Structure): _fields_ = [('y', c_double), ('x', c_double)] base_ptr = POINTER(Base) class Mid(Base): pass Mid._fields_ = [] mid_ptr = POINTER(Mid) class Vector(Mid): pass vector_ptr = POINTER(Vector) self.assertIsNot(base_ptr, mid_ptr) self.assertIsNot(base_ptr, vector_ptr) self.assertIsNot(mid_ptr, vector_ptr) if __name__ == '__main__': unittest.main()